Gelatin in Halal Food Production

Gelatin is useful for many products such as in foods (jellies, dairy, confectionary, etc), pharmaceuticals and cosmetics, medicinal, dietetic, and therapeutic uses. Gelatin is recovered from collagen in any parts of animal/vertebrates by hydrolysis. There are two types of gelatin: Type A and Type B. Type A gelatin is exclusively made from pork skins, and is hence haram for Muslims to consume. Type B gelatin is made either from cattle and calf skins or demineralized cattle bones. Cattle and calf skins used in gelatin manufacture are usually from animals slaughtered by non-Muslims. Whether this type of gelatin is permitted or prohibited for Muslims is still controversial. Fish skin gelatin is halal as long as it is free from contamination from other sources.

CONTROL POINTS IN PRODUCTION OF HALAL GELATIN
The most important issue in manufacturing halal gelatin is obtaining the proper raw materials. Plants that produces gelatin from pigskin should not be considered for halal production because it can’t be used or forbidden.



HCP1: Raw materials
All sources, hides, and bone chips should be accepted and monitored constantly. Gelatin plants usually receive pieces of hide and bone chips. They must hold controls at their supplier to make sure raw materials are properly segregated.

HCP2: Degreasing of fresh bones
This step is commonly carried out in the rendering plants, but halal gelatin producers have to make sure that they suppliers have proper controls while degreasing the halal bone in order to minimize cross-contamination from non-halal sources.

HCP3: Acid Treatment
This step takes place in vats or pits. It is best if vats are dedicated for halal bones.

HCP4: Lime Treatment
A similar setup may be used for lime treatment. Again, it is advisable to use dedicated setup.

HCP5: Extraction, Evaporation, Extrusion, and Drying
These steps are generally carried out in tandem and continuously. The system and equipment should be thoroughly cleaned and the cleaning documented before starting a halal run.

HCP6: Milling and Blending
Gelatin is always ground to meet granulation specification and gelatins of different bloom strengths are blended together to get the desired gel strength. The mills and blenders including all charging, discharging, and conveying equipment should be properly cleaned to rid the equipment of any non-halal materials that were previously handled on the equipment.

HC7: Packaging and Labeling
Finally, halal gelatin must be packed in clean containers and labeled properly with halal markings to avoid any mix-up with non-halal gelatin.

Digested from:
Riaz, MN and Chaudry MM. Halal Food Production. CRC Press. New York
Sakr, A. H. 1999. Gelatin. Foundation for Islamic Knowledge (Lombard, IL) and Islamic Food and NutritionCouncil of America (Chicago, IL), pp. 13-28
Winarno, F.G. 1994. Kimia Pangan. Gramedia. Jakarta

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Milk Can Cause Osteoporosis

Osteoporosis is a result of bones that experience premature aging. We may be surprised that milk can causes osteoporosis. Old doctrine told that the more calcium is consumed, the stronger our bones get. But, excess calcium (from milk and other calcium diet or supplement) enhances osteoporosis. How come?

This is proven by statistical data that showed countries where much milk is consumed, osteoporosis / hip-fracture incidence should be clearly higher than in countries that does not have tradition of consuming milk. The osteoporosis risk higher in US, Netherland, Switzerland, Finland, Australia, New Zealand than in Asia and Africa. If you notice the countries I mention, white people have higer risk. But this is not due to genetically factor. Osteoporosis incidence in female Asians is much lower than in Asian females living in the USA just like osteoporosis incidence (and calcium consumption) in African Bantu women is much lower than in Bantu women living in the USA. And both calcium intake and hip-fracture rate is far lower in South African Blacks than in African Americans.

Calcium absorption needs osteoblasts activity, that also have composing new bone matrix function. Deportation of calcium from bone needs osteoclast. If the more calcium is absorbed into bones, production and activity of osteoblast and osteoclast is also increased. The more calcium is absorbed, the more calcium is exhausted. Osteoblasts die in new bones matrix formation. Osteobalst death is related to osteoporosis.
But only if too much calcium is actually absorbed into the bones can cause osteoporosis. The body normally absorbs just as much calcium from our food as it needs. Only about 200 mg is absorbed into the blood, on the average. Imagine if we consume 300 mg, 500 mg or even 700 mg calcium dietary daily!
How about the bone mineral density? People get stronger bones by consuming milk, doesn’t it? Bone mineral density (BMD) can be increased by consuming much calcium, but that will exhaust your bones sooner. Stronger bones is just temporarily effect, not a life time effect. A low BMD is a preventive way If you consume little calcium all your life. If calcium intake is very low, there will still not be a lack of calcium for the calcification of bone-matrix. The only difference will be that the bones will not age prematurely, and that they will not contain abundant calcium. But the opposite reason is not a preventive: if the BMD is low as the result of exhausted osteoblasts. BMD is decreased in osteoporosis due to the lack of new bone-matrix. Holes do not contain calcium.
We’d better consuming natural food but not too excessive. Fish and eggs would be the solution (but remember: not in high amount).

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Easy Ways to Gain Weight

I share this topic in Bahasa Indonesia first... because Indonesian people want to gain weight, mostly hahahahaa...

Kenapa sih kurus?

Faktor umum penyebab berat badan rendah atau underweight adalah keturunan/genetic, malnutrisi, penyerapan makanan terganggu pada saluran cerna, stress/depresi, malas makan, usia lanjut, masalah ekonomi, dan bisa juga karena penyakit dan efek samping obat seperti kanker, TBC, hipertiroid, dan diabetes mellitus (kencing manis).

Penyebab kurus dari faktor genetic tanda-tandanya kita makan normal bahkan berlebih tapi teteup aja kurus. Harus ditelaah ni dari silsilah keluarga.

Faktor stress dan depresi dapat menghilangkan selera makan sehingga berat tubuh tidak meningkat. Selain itu, dalam kondisi stres dan depresi, kadar hormon adrenalin akan meningkat tajam. Tubuh akan memakai cadangan kalori/energi. Sintesis lemak menjadi berkurang mengakibatkan berat badan makin kurus atau sukar naik.
Berikut ini cara gampang menaikkan berat badan. Sederhana kok!

1. Biasanya tuh, orang kwashiorkor atau marasmus diterapinya pake makanan tinggi protein. Hehehe tapi serius kok untuk menambah bobot wajib mengkonsumsi makanan tinggi kalori dan protein. Jangan lupa olahraga teratur 3-5 kali seminggu. Kalo kurus mending pilih olahraga yang bisa menambah beban otot, jangan aerobik, ntar tambah hilang massa tubuhnya kalo aerobik. Tapi aerobik bisa melatih otot jantung dan detoks tubuh, jadi sekali-kali aja ga papa. Atur komposisi yang seimbang antara olahraga beban dan aerobik.
2. Kalori per hari ditambahkan antara 500-1000 kal, jadi cari makanan yang mudah didapat dan disukai.
3. Menambahkan porsi jangan lebai ya, alias jangan berlebihan. Lakukan secara bertahap agar tidak sebah (abdominal discomfort).
4. Dari segi psikologis penting juga untuk menambah berat badan. Minta dukungan dari lingkungan. Biasanya kan pasien BB rendah malas atau tidak suka makan. Jadi harus disemangati dan diperingatkan untuk makan, walaupun tidak lapar.
5. Terakhir, carilah pasangan hidup! Hahaha, jika beban kerja berat bikin stres, mengakibatkan bobot turun, just having spouse akan membuat relax. Hidup penuh senyum!

Eitz... belum tau cara menambahkan kalori dalam diet kita? Gini nih mudahnya.

1. Komposisi karbohidrat, protein, dan lemak harus dikonsumsi secara seimbang. Lemak tak jenuh sebanyak 30% (minyak zaitun, minyak kanola). Protein sebanyak 12-20% (daging sapi, daging ayam, telur, ikan, udang basah, keju, kacang-kacangan. Sisa yang lainnya adalah karbohidrat seperti nasi, nasi jagung, kentang, singkong, talas, ubi, roti, makaroni, havermut).
2. Jika ekstra kalorinya pengen 500, kita bisa menikmati cemilan 1 mangkuk es krim, 8 biskuit, dan 30 gr keju. Atau bisa konsultasi ke saya J
3. Ekstra 1000 kalori bisa diperoleh dari 1 lembar roti, 60 gr keju, 230 cc yogurt buah, 1 buah pisang ukuran sedang, apel, dan ½ potong cheese pizza. Kesulitan juga? Bisa tanya menu lain kok ke saya ^_^
4. Campurkan lebih banyak makanan berkalori pada setiap porsi makan. Misalnya, tambahkan potongan telur ke dalam kentang tumbuk (mashed potato) atau ayam cincang dan keju dalam sup.
5. Suka cepat kenyang? Bisa kok menghabiskan porsi sedikit demi sedikit. Maksudnya di satu waktu makanan bersisa, simpan aja dulu, baru dimakan lagi kemudian. Di sisi lain kita nggak buang-buang makanan kaaaan, biar barokah!
6. Suka jus? Campuran jus bisa menambah kalori lhoo.
7. Jangan memusuhi lemak, karena ada juga lemak yang baik. Makanan berlemak baik dapat ditambahkan ke dalam makanan seperti kacang-kacangan, alpukat, zaitun, dan ikan kaya omega 3 seperti makarel dan teman-teman.
8. Susu penambah berat badan juga bisa dikonsumsi jika tidak ada alergi ataupun lactose intoleran alias mules-mules karena ga biasa minum susu. Susu penambah berat badan mengandung kalori 1 kal/cc yang lebih tinggi daripada susu biasa yang hanya 2/3 kal/cc.

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